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1.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 22(1): 179-200, Jan-Mar/2015.
Article in English | LILACS, BDS | ID: lil-741513

ABSTRACT

This article examines the politics of midwifery and the persecution of untitled female assistants in childbirth in early republican Peru. A close reading of late colonial publications and the works of Benita Paulina Cadeau Fessel, a French obstetriz director of a midwifery school in Lima, demonstrates both trans-Atlantic and local influences in the campaign against untitled midwives. Cadeau Fessel's efforts to promote midwifery built upon debates among writers in Peru's enlightened press, who vilified untrained midwives' and wet nurses' vernacular medical knowledge and associated them with Lima's underclass. One cannot understand the transfer of French knowledge about professional midwifery to Peru without reference to the social, political, and cultural context.


Este artigo analisa as políticas de práticas de parteiras profissionais e a condenação de parteiras leigas nos primórdios do Peru republicano. A leitura atenta de publicações de fins do período colonial e dos trabalhos de Benita Paulina Cadeau Fessel, obstetriz francesa diretora de uma escola de parteiras em Lima, revela influência tanto transatlântica como local na campanha contra as parteiras sem titulação. Cadeau Fessel promovia seu ofício com base em debates veiculados na imprensa peruana ilustrada, que aviltavam o conhecimento tradicional de amas de leite e parteiras leigas e as associavam às classes desfavorecidas. Só é possível compreender a transferência do conhecimento francês sobre trabalho de parteiras profissionais para o Peru relacionando-a ao contexto social, político e cultural.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Antiparkinson Agents/pharmacology , Curcumin/pharmacology , Hippocampus/drug effects , Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology , Oxidopamine , Parkinsonian Disorders/drug therapy , Behavior, Animal/drug effects , Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism , Cytoprotection , Disease Models, Animal , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Dopamine/metabolism , Hippocampus/metabolism , Hippocampus/pathology , Nerve Regeneration/drug effects , Norepinephrine/metabolism , Parkinsonian Disorders/chemically induced , Parkinsonian Disorders/metabolism , Parkinsonian Disorders/pathology , Parkinsonian Disorders/psychology , /metabolism , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptor, trkB/metabolism , Signal Transduction/drug effects
2.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; 16(2): 305-324, abr.-jun. 2009. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-517195

ABSTRACT

Explora o tema das amas-de-leite em fotografias e teses dos doutores em medicina da segunda metade do século XIX. Os médicos de então condenavam o emprego indiscriminado de amas-de-leite e tentavam estimular a construção da imagem da 'nova mãe', que devia amamentar seus próprios filhos. Abordam-se a complexidade do assunto amamentação (por mãe, ama, animal ou objeto) na época e os problemas dele decorrentes para as partes envolvidas: o bebê branco, o bebê negro, a ama, a mãe do bebê branco, a família senhorial abrangente e os doutores em medicina. Destacam-se fotos de amas com crianças, em atitude que se pretendia 'positiva', a demonstrar harmonia e afeto e, aparentemente, em contradição com os debates que envolviam seu emprego.


The article explores the theme of wet-nurses using photographs and theses of medical doctors during the second half of the 19th century. The doctors at that time condemned the indiscriminate use of wet-nurses and tried to encourage construction of the 'new mother' image, one who ought to breast feed her own children. They approached the complexity of the feeding subject (by mother, wet-nurse, animal or object) at that time and the problems arising from it for the parties involved: the white baby, the black baby, the wet-nurse, the mother of the white baby, the seignorial family involved and medical doctors. Photos are highlighted of wet-nurses with children in an attitude that was intended to be 'positive', to demonstrate harmony and affection and, apparently, contradicting the debates regarding them.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Female , History, 19th Century , Humans , Breast Feeding , Black People , Brazil , White People , Goats , Milk , Milk, Human
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